How to physically protect from getting sick

I’ll be totally honest with you guys, things are kind of scary right now. There’s so much negative news out there right now telling us to be afraid of things that are almost entirely out of our control, but it causes a mass hysteria to spread and honestly, it’s hard to avoid getting caught up in that. Should you be worried about this virus? Is it any different than the flu? There are a lot of mixed messages out there that even I am struggling with what to believe and what not to believe.

Despite all of that I know a couple of things. The first thing I want to do in all of this is reiterate the important facts that you already know but probably can’t hear enough. Then, once that’s out of the way, I want to talk to you guys about how to avoid the mental strain this is causing (my therapist and I spent half of a session talking about it, so I know I’m not the only one feeling bogged down by this entire thing). Anyway, this week, let’s focus on how you can physically protect yourself and help prevent your odds of getting sick.


Practice good hygiene

I’m definitely not the first person to tell you this, but in times like this, it is important to practice good hygiene. That means washing your hands regularly, especially when coming and going from and area, after touching potentially contaminated areas, and of course handling food or other items going to another person.

You should also be avoiding touching your face, although trust me, I know completely avoiding that is sort of impossible. Avoid it when you can, wash your hands after you do. Regularly washing your hands can help to make the times you do touch your face less terrifying.

Wipe down work surfaces regularly, especially at the beginning and end of the workday. This is especially important if you work in a high traffic area. We wipe down our surfaces at work every hour or so just because there are so many people coming in and out.

Studies show that proper hygiene can greatly decrease your risk for catching a cold or flu, so in these times, make sure to practice good hygiene.


Be Mindful of those at heightened risk

While this virus does not discriminate on gender, race, or age, some people are at greater risk than others. People who are above 65, those who are autoimmune, and those who are pregnant are at a greater risk of suffering from this virus and not coming out of it. That’s why it’s important to be mindful of these people and keep their health and wellness in mind.

That being said, mass buying hand sanitizer and face masks when you don’t need them is not helping you, it’s harming those who actually need them. People who are ill or at severe risk need the facemasks more than you do, so please do not bulk buy these items unless you truly need them. Buy only what you need, maybe a little extra of the essentials and be mindful that other people need them as well.

This is also a great time to reach out to a neighbor or coworker who may be at increased risk. See if they need you to bring them groceries or run errands for them. They might not be able to leave their house, but you can definitely leave their groceries at their doorstep.


Use your head to make decisions

While listening to the mass hysteria that is going on in the news, it might be tempting to quarantine yourself at the first sign of a runny nose, but chances are you are only sick like you normally would be. Common colds and seasonal allergies don’t go on hold just because a new virus is spreading, so don’t jump to conclusions too quickly. That being said, if your office building or school has shut down because of this virus, and you are feeling sick, use the time to catch up on some Netflicks and sleep. You deserve it.

Travel at your own precaution in these times. While it does not necessarily put you at more or less of a risk depending on where you are going, there is a lot of mixed advice on the topic. This is something that only you can choose to do. If you are a young, healthy individual with a good immune system, your probably safe to take a quick plane ride to wherever you need to go. If you have someone immunocompromised at home, you might want to look into canceling plans.


Stay out of public places if you have flu symptoms

This goes for all year round. If you have a runny nose due to allergies or a slight cold that is one thing, but if you have flu symptoms, stay home! You don’t need to stay home for 14 days, but use your head.

The CDC actually recommends that those with flu symptoms call their doctor and do an over the phone appointment, limiting everyone’s exposure to the flu (especially with A and B strains out there this year). When your doctor prescribes your medicine SEND SOMEONE ELSE TO GET IT FOR YOU! This also goes for if you have a kid. LEAVE YOUR SICK KID AT HOME OR IN THE CAR WHEN YOU PICK UP THEIR MEDICINE. Stop spreading viruses by coughing and running your hands everywhere. You are increasing someone else’s chance of being sick.


Don’t be afraid to call the doctor

If you are feeling sick and don’t know what to do, the best thing isn’t to rush off to urgent care. Instead, pick up the phone and call your doctor. Listen to their advice. If they tell you to self-quarantine, take the proper steps to implement that. If they tell you your fine and just need some rest and vitamin C, do that. Your doctor’s advise is the best tool you have right now, and they will be more than glad to help you out. They don’t want to see you get sick as much as you don’t want to get sick!


With that being said, next week I’ll talk some more about the ways to mentally prep for these trying times. In the meantime, I want to know what you guys are doing to distract yourself from the craziness that is going on right now. My therapist suggested that I get outside more and enjoy the fresh air and I think I plan to do just that! What are you guys up to? Let me know in the comments below.

Until next time,

Kat

Does exercise actually increase your immunity?

wp-1579055181282-1359454462.jpgI’m not going to talk too much about why the topic of immunity is so popular right now, mainly because I don’t think it’s a good idea to spread the fear, but it’s important to talk about ways to limit disease risk and boost immunity. I probably don’t need to give you the lecture on why you should wash your hands and cover your mouth when you cough, especially now, but I did want to talk about ways we think we can increase our immunity.

I think a lot of people out there will tell you that they feel like they are their healthiest when they are living very active lifestyles, but is it true that working out can actually increase your immunity? Or is it all just a myth that’s been made up in order to get us to the gym more often? Today, I want to dive into some current research that will shed some light on exercise and immunity.


Short term Exercise and immunity

If you’re feeling sick, does getting a quick work out in actually help to boost your immunity? Studies show that acute vigorous exercise actually results in a temporary decline in immune competency for several hours after the event.  While your body responds to this decline in response, you are more susceptible to viral and bacterial infection. So if you are starting to feel the symptoms of a cold or the flu coming on, you might want to get home and get some rest instead of hit the gym thinking you are going to sweat it out (Campbell & Turner, 2018).


Regular Exercise and immunity

On the other hand, other studies have found that exercise can reduce the incidence of infection.  In fact some of these studies have found that number of training hours a year are inversely correlated with sick days. Ultramarathon runners report fewer days of work missed due to illness compared to the average population.  Studies also showed that athletes undertaking large training loads become less ill than athletes with lighter training loads. This may have to do with the fact elite athletes are more adapted to the demand of their training routine (Campbell & Turner, 2018).

Daily, or near-daily, acute exercise (less than 60 minutes at moderate to vigorous intensity) has been shown to stimulate the exchange of immune cells between the circulation and tissues. Research suggests that each bout of exercise improves the activity of tissues and enhances immunoglobulins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, T-cells, and other important immune responses (Nieman & Wentz, 2019).


Intense Exercise and immunity

Some small scale studies have actually found that upper respiratory infection symptoms are higher in elite athletes with fast face times and greater training volumes. This is potentially due to over-training which tires the body and increases the risk for infection due to psychological stress and nutritional deficiencies. Researchers also believe that events such as marathons increase the risk of acquiring infectious pathogens due to a mass gathering of people (Campbell & Turner, 2018). All in all, High exercise training workloads affect physiological, metabolic, and psychological stress and can cause immune disturbances, inflammation, and oxidative stress, leading to increased risk of disease (Nieman & Wentz, 2019).


So what’s best?

treadDoes this mean that you should stop training hard for that marathon or stop working so hard towards your goals? Absolutely not! Just because you put a lot of hours in at the gym doesn’t mean you are going to get sick. Psychological responses, external factors, and lifestyle strategies all play into how our bodies react to viral and bacterial infections, meaning that what works well for one person, may not work well for another. Everyone responds differently. The best we can do is have a regular exercise routine, a healthy nutrition plan, and good hygiene (plus vaccinations and regular sleep). If you feel good about your training schedule and how intense your exercise is, keep at it. You’ll know your body and you’ll know when you need to take a break! Isn’t understanding our bodies what we athletes pride ourselves on? So much goes into the immune function that it’s nearly impossible to put all your eggs in one exercise-related basket. Don’t sweat it. Just get to the gym and sweat that!


Keep in mind that this is an area of study that is very well researched and because it is so well looked into and studied there are a lot of contradictory studies out there. I only reviewed two recent ones today, but there are a ton more out there always going on. Again, everyone’s systems are different and so many factors play into immunity that this is an area of research that will be going on for a long time!

So in the meantime, I say you do you. Wash your hands and cover your mouth when you cough, and do us all a favor and get your annual flu shot. But I won’t rant on and on about that.

Anyway, do you guys feel you get less sick when you have a regular workout routine? Let me know in the comments below!

Until next time,

Kat

 

Sources and further reading:

Campbell, J. P., & Turner, J. E. (2018). Debunking the Myth of Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan. Frontiers in immunology9, 648. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648

Nieman, D.C., Wentz, L.M. (2019). The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defense system. Journal of Sport and Health Sciences. 8(3), 201-2017. Doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009

Should I get a Flu Vaccine?

If you’re not living under a rock, you’ve probably heard about how bad the flu epidemic has been this year.  The flu is hitting hard and people are getting deathly ill from it!  And although washing your hands a lot and avoiding places a lot of sick may be can help you avoid the flu germs, it’s not a sure fire way to prevent you from getting sick.  In fact, the best way to avoid getting the flu, is to vaccinate yourself against the flu.

I’m not usually one for getting flu shots, in fact, I usually never get flu vaccinations.  But after getting the flue TWICE last year (for those of you who have been around for awhile, you remember!), getting the flu vaccine this year wasn’t something I thought twice about.  The actual flu itself is terrible.  You feel miserable and have no energy.  For me I could never get warm no matter what I tried and I even blacked out in the shower.  I was definitely not risking having that again.  So this year, I put up with the small pinch in my arm and the ache in my muscle for a few hours so I was protected against the flu.

So what exactly is a vaccine and why should you get one?  Today I want to talk about vaccinations, specifically the flu vaccines, and discuss a little about the benefits of getting vaccinated.  I’m going to avoid presenting anything but facts in this post in order to avoid the ever going debate of “vaccines are bad for children”, although I have very strong opinions on that matter. (This isn’t an opinion post, this is a fact post.  If you want my opinions on the topic, let me know and I’ll do an entire different post on that).


What are vaccinations?

Vaccines are used to train the body to build up immunity to a certain disease or infection.

When foreign invaders, such as bacteria or viruses, enter our bodies, lymphocytes, aka immune cells, are called upon as a response.  Lymphocytes release antibodies against the bacteria or virus that fight the antigen and help us get better.

This is great and it helps us fight against many disease and infections that we could otherwise be susceptible to, but when we our body encounters a bacteria or virus that it’s never seen before, it can take longer for those antibodies to build up resistance.

cdc

Image from the CDC explaining how vaccines work to build resistance

Sometimes in the few days that it can take for the antibodies to build up resistance, we could be fully fledged sick and it might be too late for antibodies to do much.

That’s what vaccines are for!  Vaccines are made of killed or weakened antigen agents that cause the initial infection.  The does isn’t strong enough to cause someone to get sick (so for those of you who say you always get the flu from getting the flu shot, you’re not getting it from the shot itself, you’re getting it from the time period between getting the shot and the body building up immunity).

Vaccines work by the body recognizing the antigen and building up the antibodies needed to fight against them.  When the antigens are gone, the antibodies are replaced by memory cells that remain in the body and can produce antibodies if the threat is seen again.  That way, if your system is ever introduced to the infection again, your body already has to antibodies to fight against it, helping to prevent you from getting sick!


Why is the flu vaccine different every year?

You’ve probably noticed that unlike whooping cough, chicken pox, or the measles which don’t need done every year, the flu vaccine changes every single year.   That’s because the flu mutates every single year and is never the same.

Research is conducted every season to determine which strain of the flu will be most common during the season.  The flu vaccine is created with this in mind.   The injectable influenza vaccine, which includes inactivated influenza and recombinant influenza vaccines, are what the CDC is recommending for the 2018 flu season.  (This is opposed to the LAIV nasal spray influenza vaccine).

I will link an article from the CDC that will talk about different types of flu vaccines and some more information about the flu vaccine.

Even if the flu virus is the same from year to year, the flu vaccine is still needed every season.  If for some reason the flu next year is the exact same as the flu this year (which is highly unlikely), the body’s immune response to the antigens has declined over the year and the body’s ability to fight off the infection has decreased.  A new vaccine will help to create new memory cells.


Why should I get a flu vaccine?

This really should go without saying, because as someone who had the flu last year (TWO FORMS OF IT!) it’s something that you really want to avoid if you can.  You end up missing work for days, you can’t get out of bed, and you are overcome with the sensation of feeling like crap, and who wants that.

influenzeThe flu vaccine can help you avoid getting the flu altogether which will help you avoid hospitalization costs, drug store costs, and movie rental prices (that last one is kind of a joke).  Getting vaccinated also helps you help other people who can’t get the vaccine.  When you’re protected, you are helping cut of the spread of the flu virus.  Therefore, if you are around younger or older people who cannot get vaccinated (whether for age or medical reasons), having the vaccine yourself greatly lowers their risk of getting the flu.

And of course, getting the flu vaccine can help if you do get sick from another strain.  A study from 2017 showed that vaccinated individuals who did get sick from a different strain of the flu were sick shorter, had reduced deaths and reduce hospital care.

Not to mention that getting vaccinated for the flu is free under most insurance plans, so you aren’t even losing any money by getting protected.  And if you aren’t insured, the cost of a vaccine is relatively inexpensive when you think about what you are gaining from getting vaccinated.  (A $30 co-pay is a lot better than $10,000 in hospitalization bills!)


Who should get vaccinated?

The CDC recommends that everyone over the age of 6 months should get a flu vaccine, unless there is a medical reason against it.  Young and older people are more at risk for the flu and should be vaccinated.


Where and when do I get vaccinated?

There are a lot of different places to go and get vaccinated.  You can talk to your doctor and see if they are carrying the flu vaccination or if they have suggestions as to where you should get vaccinated.  All pharmacies carry the flu vaccine in regular dosage for those under 65 and the high dose flu vaccination for those over 65.  All you need to do is go to your pharmacy let them know you want a flu vaccine and they’ll take care of it for you the same day.

You should ideally receive your vaccination before flu season begins, usually in October, but flu season lasts all fall and winter and sometimes even into May.  As it takes 2 weeks for the flu vaccine to take full effect in your body, receiving the flu vaccine ahead of flu season is the best way to make sure you’re protected.

But that doesn’t mean that you can’t still get vaccinated.  The flu season is still in full swing and it’s not too late to get your vaccination.  Pharmacies are still carrying the flu vaccine and you can still go and get yours! Just keep in mind that it takes 2 weeks to build up immunity, so don’t count on not getting sick the second you get the vaccine.  You still should be taking caution and taking care of yourself!


Have you gotten your flu shot yet this season? Do you get it every year or just when the news tells you when it’s really bad?  Let me know in the comments below!

Until next time,

Kat

 

Sources and further reading:

CDC.  Key Facts About Seasonal Flu Vaccine.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm

Pappas, Stephanie.  2010. How Do Vaccines Work?  LIveScience.  https://www.livescience.com/32617-how-do-vaccines-work.html